Malcolm X on Afro-American History
BROTHERS AND SISTERS: First I want to, as Brother
James has pointed out, thank you, as we do each
week, or have been doing each week. It seems that during the
month of January it doesn't snow or rain or hail or get bad in
any way weather-wise until Saturday night, and it stays like
that Saturday through Sunday, and then the sun comes back
out on Monday—it seems. But since I was a little boy I
learned that one of the things that make you grow into
manhood are tests and trials and tribulations. If you can
come through the snow and the rain and the sleet, you know
you can make it easily when the sun is out and everything is
right. So I'm happy to see that those of you who are here
tonight don't let anything get in your way, that is, weatherwise.
During the next three weeks, we're going to have a series
that will be designed to give us a better understanding of the
past, I should say a better knowledge of the past, in order that
we may understand the present and be better prepared for
the future. I don't think any of you will deny the fact that it is
impossible to understand the present or prepare for the
future unless we have some knowledge of the past. And the
thing that has kept most of us—that is, the Afro-Americans—
almost crippled in this society has been our complete lack of
knowledge concerning the past. The number one thing that
makes us differ from other people is our lack of knowledge
concerning the past. Proof of which: almost anyone else can
come into this country and get around barriers and obstacles
that we cannot get around; and the only difference between
them and us, they know something about the past, and in
knowing something about the past, they know something
about themselves, they have an identity. But wherein you and
I differ from them is primarily revolved around our lack of
knowledge concerning the past.
And tonight, this is what we would like to go into. Next
Sunday night, it's our intention to go into the present, some
of the tricks that are used to keep us at the level that we are
on by making us think that we're going forward when we are
actually standing still. And then the third Sunday night, the
thirty-first, it's the intention of the Organization of Afro-American
Unity at that time to spell out what we think are the
best steps to take, and at that time also offer a program that
we feel Harlem, people in Harlem, can participate in toward
getting that objective or solution into becoming a reality.
When you deal with the past, you're dealing with history,
you're dealing actually with the origin of a thing. When you
know the origin, you know the cause. If you don't know the
origin, you don't know the cause. And if you don't know the
cause, you don't know the reason, you're just cut off, you're
left standing in midair. So the past deals with history or the
origin of anything—the origin of a person, the origin of a
nation, the origin of an incident. And when you know the
origin, then you get a better understanding of the causes that
produce whatever originated there and its reason for originating
and its reason for being.
It's impossible for you and me to have a balanced mind in
this society without going into the past, because in this particular
society, as we function and fit into it right now, we're
such an underdog, we're trampled upon, we're looked upon
as almost nothing. Now if we don't go into the past and find
out how we got this way, we will think that we were always this
way. And if you think that you were always in the condition
that you're in right now, it's impossible for you to have too
much confidence in yourself, you become worthless, almost
nothing.
But when you go back into the past and find out where you
once were, then you will know that you weren't always at this
level, that you once had attained a higher level, had made
great achievements, contributions to society, civilization, science,
and so forth. And you know that if you once did it, you
can do it again; you automatically get the incentive, the
inspiration, and the energy necessary to duplicate what our
forefathers formerly did. But by keeping us completely cut
off from our past, it is easy for the man who has power over us
to make us willing to stay at this level because we will feel that
we were always at this level, a low level. That's why I say it is so
important for you and me to spend time today learning
something about the past so that we can better understand
the present, analyze it, and then do something about it.
The internationalist viewpoint
One of the main things that you will find when you compare
people who come out here on Sunday nights with other
people is that those who come here have interests that go
beyond local interests or even national interests. I think you
will find most who come out here are interested in things
local, and interested in things national, but are also interested
in things international.
Most Afro-Americans who go to other meetings are usually
interested in things local—Harlem, that's it; or Mississippi,
that's it—national. But seldom do you find them taking a
keen interest in things going on worldwide, because they
don't know what part they play in things going on worldwide.
But those of us who come here, come here because we not
only see the importance of having an understanding of
things local and things national, but we see today the importance
of having an understanding of things international,
and where our people, the Afro-Americans in this country, fit
into that scheme of things, where things international are
concerned. We come out because our scope is broad, our
scope is international rather than national, and our interests
are international rather than national. Our interests are
worldwide rather than limited just to things American, or
things New York, or things Mississippi. And this is very important.
You can get into a conversation with a person, and in five
minutes tell whether or not that person's scope is broad or
whether that person's scope is narrow, whether that person is
interested in things going on in his block where he lives or
interested in things going on all over the world. Now persons
who are narrow-minded, because their knowledge is limited,
think that they're affected only by things happening in their
block. But when you find a person who has a knowledge of
things of the world today, he realizes that what happens in
South Vietnam can affect him if he's living on St. Nicholas
Avenue, or what's happening in the Congo affects his situation
on Eighth Avenue or Seventh Avenue or Lenox Avenue.
The person who realizes the effect that things all over the
world have right on his block, on his salary, on his reception
or lack of reception into society, immediately becomes interested
in things international. But if a person's scope is so
limited that he thinks things that affect him are only those
things that take place across the street or downtown, then
he's only interested in things across the street and downtown.
So, one of our greatest desires here at Organization of
Afro-American Unity meetings is to try and broaden the
scope and even the reading habits of most of our people, who
need their scope broadened and their reading habits also
broadened today.
Another thing that you will find is that those who go to
other places usually think of themselves as a minority. If
you'll notice, in all of their struggling, programming, or even
crying or demanding, they even refer to themselves as a
minority, and they use a minority approach. By a minority
they mean that they are lesser than something else, or they
are outnumbered, or the odds are against them—and this is
the approach that they use in their argument, in their demand,
in their negotiation.
But when you find those of us who have been following the
nationalistic thinking that prevails in Harlem, we don't think
of ourselves as a minority, because we don't think of ourselves
just within the context of the American stage or the American
scene, in which we would be a minority. We think of
things worldly, or as the world is; we think of our part in the
world, and we look upon ourselves not as a dark minority on
the white American stage, but rather we look upon ourselves
as a part of the dark majority who now prevail on the world
stage. And when you think like this, automatically, when you
realize you are part of the majority, you approach your problem
as if odds are on your side rather than odds are against
you. You approach demanding rather than using the begging
approach.
And this is one of the things that is frightening the white
man. As long as the Black man in America thinks of himself
as a minority, as an underdog, he can't shout but so loud; or
if he does shout, he shouts loudly only to the degree that the
power structure encourages him to. He never gets irresponsible.
He never goes beyond what the power structure thinks is
the right voice to shout in. But when you begin to connect
yourself on the world stage with the whole of dark mankind,
and you see that you're the majority and this majority is
waking up and rising up and becoming strong, then when
you deal with this man, you don't deal with him like he's your
boss or he's better than you or stronger than you. You put
him right where he belongs. When you realize that he's a
minority, that his time is running out, you approach him like
that, you approach him like one who used to be strong but is
now getting weak, who used to be in a position to retaliate
against you but now is not in that position anymore.
When you jump out around some Black Americans and
speak as if everything is on your side, why, they think you're
crazy. But they think you're crazy because they can't see what
you see. All they see is Charlie, all they see is the white man.
And because he is all they see, to them he looks like a giant.
But you're looking beyond the white man. You see the nations
of the earth that are black, brown, red, and yellow, who used
to be down, now getting up. And when you see them, you find
that you look more like them than you look like Sam. And
then you find yourself relating to them, whereas you formerly
tried to relate to Sam. When you relate to them, you're related
to the majority. But when you relate to Uncle Sam, you
automatically become a minority relative. You understand?
He examines us all the time. He has the Black community
throughout this land always under a microscope just like in a
scientist's laboratory, to find out how you're thinking, to
keep up to date on how you think, on the beat of your
pulse—are you beating too hot, or is your temperature running
too hot, or is it cool. He wants to know how you think
and how you feel. If you seem to be working up a temperature
that he's not responsible for, it worries him. As long as
your temperature rises when he puts the pressure, that's
okay. But if he sees you making some reactions that are
motivated other than by something that he has done, then he
begins to worry. He finds that something else is influencing
you and controlling you beyond his control and influence.
And he should worry when you begin to get like that.
Whether you come to the meetings of the Organization of
Afro-American Unity or not, whether you go to church today
or into the lodge or anywhere, there is one thing that everyone
agrees—that the world is in trouble. Whether you go to
church, the mosque, the synagogue, or are just a plain atheist
and go to the poolroom, or someplace else, there's one thing
that everyone has to agree upon, and that is that the world is
in trouble, the world is in real trouble. There are many
different spots in the world today that could cause it to
explode. And it's in multiple trouble since China exploded
the atomic bomb.
Formerly, when just the white nations had it, they went
according to certain rules, rules laid down by them. They've
always done this. They lay down rules but the rules are always
in their favor. But they have already learned through history
that the dark nation that becomes truly independent intellectually
doesn't necessarily go by their rules. The Japanese
proved this when they hit Pearl Harbor. They'd smile and
bop—let you have it. [Laughter] Well, this is true. And this
goes beyond the ground rules that they laid down and it gets
unexpected results. Now since the Japanese proved their
ability to do this with Pearl Harbor, which is intelligent in my
opinion—I don't think that anybody should tell somebody
else what they're going to do; they should go ahead and do it,
and that's it. Because you might say what you're going to do,
and not get a chance to do it, and you look bad; not only do
you feel bad, you end up looking bad. [Laughter] So it's better
to go ahead and do it. I think they had the right philosophy
there myself. And the Chinese can do it even better than that.
They've got more people to do it with, and now they've got
more explosiveness to do it with.
A new balance of power
So we're living in troubled times. We're living at a time when
anything can happen. Just a couple of years ago it couldn't
happen unless Sam said so, or unless Khrushchev said so, or
unless de Gaulle said so. But now it can happen anytime. It's
not in the power of just one race to say when this can happen
or when that can happen; it can now be set off by dark
nations. So the world is in trouble.
Another characteristic of this era that we're living in, that's
causing it to be a troubled world, is the fact that the dark
world is rising. And as the dark world rises, the white world
declines. It's impossible for the dark world to increase in its
power and strength without the power and strength of the
white world decreasing. This is just the way it is, it's almost
mathematics. If there is only so much power, and all of it has
been over there, well, the only way this man's going to get
some over here is to take it away from those over there. That's
plain fact.
Up until recent times, all of the power has been in Europe,
it has all been in the hands of the white man. The base of
power has been in London and Paris and Brussels and Washington,
D.C., and some of those places like that. Now the
bases of power are changing. You have a base of power in
Accra, in Ghana, in Africa. Another base of power in Zanzibar.
Another base of power in Cairo. Another base of power
in Algiers. Another base of power in Tokyo. Another base of
power in Peking. Well, as these bases of power increase, it
decreases Europe as a base of power. And this is what's causing
trouble. The white man is worried. He knows that he
didn't do right when he had all the power, and if the base of
power changes, those into whose hands it falls may know how
to really do right. [Laughter] The rise of the dark world is
producing the fall of the white world.
And I've got to point out right here that what I'm saying is
not racist. I'm not speaking racism, I'm not condemning all
white people. I'm just saying that in the past the white world
was in power, and it was. This is history, this is fact. They
called it European history, or colonialism. They ruled all the
dark world. Now when they were in power and had everything
going their way, they didn't call that racism, they called
it colonialism. [Applause] And they were happy too when they
could stand up and tell how much power they had. Britain
used to brag about the sun never set on her empire. Her
empire was so vast, you know, that the sun would never set on
it, she bragged. I heard Churchill say it, and Macmillan, and
some of those others who sat over there telling everybody
else what to do.
But now the shoe is on the other foot. There is no nation
today that can brag about its power being unlimited, or that
it can take unilateral action in any area of the earth that they
desire. No white nation can do this. But just twenty years ago
they could do it. Twenty years ago the United States could do
it, twenty years ago England could do it, France could do it,
even little old runt Belgium could do it, and Holland could
do it. But they can't do it now. Because the base of power is
shifting. And this is what you and I have to understand, really,
in order to understand what's happening in Georgia, in
Alabama, in Mississippi, and in New York City.
The power is shifting, and as it shifts the man in whose
hands it once was gets worried, and the man in whose hands
it falls, who hasn't had it for a long time, he gets power-happy,
you know, and he is not particularly interested in playing
according to the rules, especially the rules that this man laid
down. Now as the base of power shifts, what it is doing is
bringing an end to what you and I know to have been white
supremacy. Supreme means to be above others. And up until
recent times, the white nations were above the dark nations.
They ruled supreme on this earth. They didn't call it white
supremacy, but this is what it was.
Now white supremacy has come to an end. Only meaning
that the time when the white man could reign supreme all
over the world—that's ended, that's outdated, that's gone by,
it can't happen any more. And it is reflected in what Macmillan
meant when he spoke in Africa three years ago about the
winds of change. At this time Macmillan was the prime minister
of England and he was making a tour through Africa; and
he came back crying to the other Europeans about the winds
of change that are sweeping down across the African continent,
meaning that the people who formerly had permitted
Europeans or whites to oppress them had changed their
minds. They didn't want to be oppressed any longer, they
didn't want to be exploited any longer, they wanted to be
independent and free to build a society of their own for
themselves.
As soon as this mood or tempo began to be visible on the
African continent, some of this earth's leading white statesmen
at the top level admitted it—and didn't admit it secretly,
admitted it openly. Adlai Stevenson got up in the United
Nations, I think it was last year, and accused the dark nations
of playing a skin game in the UN. And you know what he
meant by skin game? He meant that people of the same skin
color were banding together. Meaning that people with dark
skins were banding together in the UN against people with
white skins. This is something to think about. Now this means
that the United States representative to the United Nations,
an international body, was alert enough, had sufficient foresight,
to see that in this era that we're living in right now,
dark-skinned people were coming together, they were uniting,
they were forming blocs—the Afro-Asian bloc, the Afro-Asian-Arab
bloc, the Afro-Asian-Arab-Latin bloc, you know—
and all these blocs were against him. He could see this, and
this is what caused so much worry and so much confusion
today. [Applause]
As soon as he saw that these dark-skinned people were
getting together in unity and harmony, he began to put out
the propaganda that the dark-skinned people aren't ready
yet. This is his analysis after our efforts—that we aren't ready
for freedom. And to try and prove that we weren't ready for
freedom, they let the people in the Congo go so far free and
then turned right around and stirred it up to make them
look foolish—so that they could use that to say that Africa
wasn't ready for freedom.
They say the same thing to you and me over here, that
we're not ready yet—isn't that what they say? Certainly, they
say that you're not ready to live in a decent house, and that
you're not ready to go to a decent school, or that you're not
ready to work on a decent job. This is what they say, and they
don't say why we're not ready, they don't say why. And if we're
not ready, they don't say that we once were ready, but we're
not now—they try and make it look like we never were ready,
that we never were in history a people who occupied a responsible
position on the cultural tree, the civilization tree,
or any other tree. They try to give us the impression, you
know, that we never were qualified, therefore we can only
qualify today to the degree that they themselves qualify us.
And they trick us this way. Trick us into going to them and
asking them, "Qualify me, you know, so I can be free." Why,
you're out of your mind.
The trap of "racism"
They also know that the only way we're going to do it is
through unity. So they create another trap. Every effort we
make to unite among ourselves on the basis of what we are,
they label it as what? Racism. If we say that we want to form
something that's based on Black people getting together, the
white man calls that racism. Mind you. And then some of
these old white-minded Negroes do the same thing, they say,
"That's racism, I don't want to belong to anything that's all
Black." A lot of them say this. But it's only because they
themselves have been bitten by the bug, the white bug. And
they think the only way they can belong to something that is
going to be progressive or successful, it has got to have the
white man in it. Many of them think that.
But these are traps. He traps us because he knows it's
impossible for us to go forward unless we get together. But
what basis are we going to get together on? We've got to get
together on the same basis they got together. Italians got
together because they were Italian, the Jews got together on
the basis of being Jews, the Irish got together on the basis of
being Irish. Now what basis are you and I going to get together
on? We've got to have some kind of basis. But as soon
as we mention the only basis that we've got to get together
on, they trick us by telling our leaders, you know, that anything
that's all Black is putting segregation in reverse.
[Laughter] Isn't that what they say? So the people who are
Black don't want to get together because they don't want
segregation. See, the man is tricky, brothers and sisters. I
mean the man is tricky. He's a master of tricks. And if you
don't realize how tricky he is, he'll have you maneuvered
right on back into slavery—I shouldn't say back into slavery
because we're not out of it yet. [Applause]
These are traps that he creates. If you speak in an angry
way about what has happened to our people and what is
happening to our people, what does he call it? Emotionalism.
Pick up on that. Here the man has got a rope around his
neck and because he screams, you know, the cracker that's
putting the rope around his neck accuses him of being emotional.
[Laughter] You're supposed to have the rope around
your neck and holler politely, you know. You're supposed to
watch your diction, not shout and wake other people up—
this is how you're supposed to holler. You're supposed to be
respectable and responsible when you holler against what
they're doing to you. And you've got a lot of Afro-Americans
who fall for that. They say, "No, you can't do it like that,
you've got to be responsible, you've got to be respectable."
And you'll always be a slave as long as you're trying to be
responsible and respectable in the eyesight of your master;
you'll remain a slave. When you're in the eyesight of your
master, you've got to let him know you're irresponsible and
you'll blow his irresponsible head off. [Applause]
And again you've got another trap that he maneuvers you
into. If you begin to talk about what he did to you, he'll say
that's hate, you're teaching hate. Pick up on that. He won't
say he didn't do it, because he can't. But he'll accuse you of
teaching hate just because you begin to spell out what he did
to you. Which is an intellectual trap—because he knows we
don't want to be accused of hate.
And the average Black American who has been real brain-washed,
he never wants to be accused of being emotional.
You ever watched them? You ever watched one of them? Do
that. Watch them, watch the real bourgeois Black Americans.
He never wants to show any sign of emotion. He won't even
tap his feet. You can have some of that real soul music, and
he'll sit there, you know, like it doesn't move him. [Laughter]
I watch him, and I'm telling you. And the reason he tries to
pretend like it doesn't move him is that he knows it doesn't
move them. And it doesn't move them because they can't feel
it, they've got no soul. And he's got to pretend he has none
just to make it with them. This is a shame, really.
And then you go a step farther, they get you again on this
violence. They have another trap wherein they make it look
criminal if any of us, who has a rope around his neck or one
is being put around his neck—if you do anything to stop the
man from putting that rope around your neck, that's violence.
And again this bourgeois Negro, who's trying to be
polite and respectable and all, he never wants to be identified
with violence. So he lets them do anything to him, and
he sits there submitting to it nonviolently, just so he can keep
his image of responsibility. He dies with a responsible image,
he dies with a polite image, but he dies. [Laughter] The man
who is irresponsible and impolite, he keeps his life. That
responsible Negro, he'll die every day, but if the irresponsible
one dies he takes some of those with him who were trying
to make him die.
So the era that we're living in is an era in which we see the
people in the East on the rise and the people in the West on
the decline. That is, the dark world is rising and the white
world, or the Western world, is having its power curtailed.
This is happening and it's happening every day.
Take right there in Saigon, in South Vietnam. Don't you
realize that twenty years ago those little people over there
didn't have a chance? All they needed would be for a battleship
to sail up to the coastline, and everybody over there
would bow down, "Yessir, boss." That's how they said it, same
as you say it over here. But not now. Now they don't yes
anybody's boss. They get them a rifle and run boss clean on
out of there. [Laughter and applause]
The entire East, the dark world, is on the rise. Whether you
like it or not. And as the dark world rises up, it puts the white
world on the spot, it puts the Western world on the spot, and
it puts you and me on the spot. Why does it put us on the
spot? Because although we're in the West, we're from the
East. Many, many Black Americans don't realize this. You are
not of the West, you are in the West. You're not a Westerner,
you're from the East. You're not white—you're in the white
world, but that doesn't make you white; you're as Black as
you ever were, you're just in the white world. [Applause]
Negro History Week
And next month they'll come up to show you another trick.
They'll come at you and me next month with this Negro
History Week, they call it. This week comes around once
every year. And during this one week they drown us with
propaganda about Negro history in Georgia and Mississippi
and Alabama. Never do they take us back across the water,
back home. They take us down home, but they never give us
a history of back home. They never give us enough information
to let us know what were we doing before we ended up
in Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Texas, and some of those
other prison states. They give us the impression with Negro
History Week that we were cotton pickers all of our lives.
Cotton pickers, orange growers, mammies, and uncles for
the white man in this country—this is our history when you
talk in terms of Negro History Week. They might tell you
about one or two people who took a peanut and made another
white man rich. [Laughter] George Washington Carver
—he was a scientist, but he died broke. He made Ford
rich. So he wasn't doing anything for himself and his people.
He got a good name for us, but what did we get out of it?
Nothing. The master got it.
Just like a dog who runs out in the woods and grabs a
rabbit. No matter how hungry the dog is, does he eat it? No,
he takes it back and lays it at the boss's feet. The boss skins it,
takes the meat, and gives the dog the bones. And the dog is
going right on, hungry again. But he could have gotten the
rabbit and eaten it for himself. [Laughter] And boss couldn't
even have caught him until later, because he can outrun the
boss.
It's the same way with you and me. Every contribution we
make, we don't make it for our people, we make it for the
man, we make it for our master. He gets the benefit from it.
We die, not for our people, we die for him. We don't die for
our home and our house, we die for his house. We don't die
for our country, we die for his country. A lot of you all were
fools on the front lines, were you not? Yes, you were. You put
on the uniform and went right up on the front lines like a
roaring hound dog barking for master. And when you come
back here—you've had to bark since you came back. [Applause]
So Negro History Week reminds us of this. It doesn't remind
us of past achievements, it reminds us only of the
achievements we made in the Western Hemisphere under
the tutelage of the white man. So that whatever achievement
that was made in the Western Hemisphere that the spotlight
is put upon, this is the white man's shrewd way of taking
credit for whatever we have accomplished. But he never lets
us know of an accomplishment that we made prior to being
born here. This is another trick.
The worst trick of all is when he names us Negro and calls
us Negro. And when we call ourselves that, we end up tricking
ourselves. My brother Cassius [Clay] was on the screen
the other night talking with Les Crane about the word Negro.
I wish he wouldn't have gone so fast, because he was in a
position to have done a very good job. But he was right in
saying that we're not Negroes, and have never been, until we
were brought here and made into that. We were scientifically
produced by the white man. Whenever you see somebody
who calls himself a Negro, he's a product of Western civilization
—not only Western civilization, but Western crime. The
Negro, as he is called or calls himself in the West, is the best
evidence that can be used against Western civilization today.
[Applause]
One of the main reasons we are called Negro is so we won't
know who we really are. And when you call yourself that, you
don't know who you really are. You don't know what you are,
you don't know where you came from, you don't know what
is yours. As long as you call yourself a Negro, nothing is yours.
No languages—you can't lay claim to any language, not even
English; you mess it up. You can't lay claim to any name, any
type of name, that will identify you as something that you
should be. You can't lay claim to any culture as long as you
use the word Negro to identify yourself. It attaches you to
nothing. It doesn't even identify your color.
If you talk about one of them, they call themselves white,
don't they? Or they might call someone else Puerto Rican to
identify them. Mind you how they do this. When they call
him a Puerto Rican, they're giving him a better name. Because
there is a place called Puerto Rico, you know. It at least
lets you know where he came from. So they'll say whites,
Puerto Ricans, and Negroes. Pick up on that. That's a drag,
brothers. [Laughter] White is legitimate. It means that's what
color they are. Puerto Rican tells you that they're something
else, came from somewhere else, but they're here now. Negro
doesn't tell you anything. I mean nothing, absolutely nothing.
What do you identify it with? Tell me. Nothing. What do
you attach it to, what do you attach to it? Nothing. It's completely
in the middle of nowhere. And when you call yourself
that, that's where you are—right in the middle of nowhere. It
doesn't give you a language, because there is no such thing as
a Negro language. It doesn't give you a country, because
there is no such thing as a Negro country. It doesn't give you
a culture—there is no such thing as a Negro culture, it
doesn't exist. The land doesn't exist, the culture doesn't
exist, the language doesn't exist, and the man doesn't exist.
They take you out of existence by calling you a Negro. And
you can walk around in front of them all day long and they
act like they don't even see you. Because you made yourself
nonexistent. [Applause] It's a person who has no history; and
by having no history, he has no culture.
Just as a tree without roots is dead, a people without history
or cultural roots also becomes a dead people. And when you
look at us, those of us who are called Negro, we're called that
because we are like a dead people. We have nothing to
identify ourselves as part of the human family. You know, you
take a tree, you can tell what kind of tree it is by looking at the
leaves. If the leaves are gone, you can look at the bark and tell
what kind it is. But when you find a tree with the leaves gone
and the bark gone, everything gone, you call that a what? A
stump. And you can't identify a stump as easily as you can
identify a tree.
And this is the position that you and I are in here in
America. Formerly we could be identified by the names we
wore when we came here. When we were first brought here,
we had different names. When we were first brought here, we
had a different language. And these names and this language
identified the culture that we were brought from, the land
that we were brought from. In identifying that, we were able
to point towards what we had produced, our net worth. But
once our names were taken and our language was taken and
our identity was destroyed and our roots were cut off with no
history, we became like a stump, something dead, a twig over
here in the Western Hemisphere. Anybody could step on us,
trample upon us, or burn us, and there would be nothing
that we could do about it.
Those of you who are religious, who go to church, [know]
there are stories in the Bible that can be used easily to pretty
well tell the condition of the Black man in America once he
became a Negro. They refer to him in there as the lost sheep,
meaning someone who is lost from his own kind, which is
how you and I have been for the past four hundred years. We
have been in a land where we are not citizens, or in a land
where they have treated us as strangers.
They have another symbolic story in there, called the dry
bones. Many of you have gone to church Sunday after Sunday
and got, you know, the ghost, they call it—got happy.
When the old preacher started singing about dry bones,
you'd knock over benches, just because he was singing about
those bones, "them dry bones"—I know how they say it. But
you never could identify the symbolic meaning of those
bones—how they were dead because they had been cut off
from their own kind.
Our people here in America have been in the same condition
as those dry bones that you sit in church singing about.
But you shed more tears over those dry bones than you shed
over yourself. This is a strange thing, but it shows what happens
to a people when they are cut off and stripped of
everything, like you and I have been cut off and stripped of
everything. We become a people like no other people, and
we are a people like no other people, [there's] no other
people on earth like you and me. We're unique, we're different.
They say that we're Negro, and they say that Negro means
black; yet they don't call all Black people Negroes. You see
the contradiction? Mind you, they say that we're Negro, because
Negro means black in Spanish, yet they don't call all
Black people Negroes. Something there doesn't add up.
And then to get around it they say mankind is divided up
into three categories—Mongoloid, Caucasoid, and Negroid.
Now pick up on that. And all Black people aren't Negroid—
they've got some jet black ones that they classify as Caucasoid.
But if you'll study very closely, all of the black ones that
they classify as Caucasoid are those that still have great civilizations,
or still have the remains of what was once a great
civilization. The only ones that they classify as Negroid are
those that they find with no evidence that they were ever
civilized; then they call them Negroid. But they can't afford
to let any black-skinned people who have evidence that they
formerly occupied a high seat in civilization, they can't afford
to let them be called Negroid, so they take them on into the
Caucasoid classification.
And actually Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid—there's
no such thing. These are so-called anthropological terms
that were put together by anthropologists who were nothing
but agents of the colonial powers, and they were purposely
given that status, [Applause] they were purposely given such
scientific positions, in order that they could come up with
definitions that would justify the European domination over
the Africans and the Asians. So immediately they invented
classifications that would automatically demote these people
or put them on a lesser level. All of the Caucasoids are on a
high level, the Negroids are kept at a low level. This is just
plain trickery that their scientists engage in in order to keep
you and me thinking that we never were anything, and therefore
he's doing us a favor as he lets us step upward or forward
in his particular society or civilization. I hope you understand
what I am saying.
Ancient Black civilizations
Now then, once you see that the condition that we're in is
directly related to our lack of knowledge concerning the
history of the Black man, only then can you realize the
importance of knowing something about the history of the
Black man. The Black man's history—when you refer to him
as the Black man you go way back, but when you refer to him
as a Negro, you can only go as far back as the Negro goes.
And when you go beyond the shores of America you can't
find a Negro. So if you go beyond the shores of America in
history, looking for the history of the Black man, and you're
looking for him under the term Negro, you won't find him.
He doesn't exist. So you end up thinking that you didn't play
any role in history.
But if you want to take the time to do research for yourself,
I think you'll find that on the African continent there was
always, prior to the discovery of America, there was always a
higher level of history, rather a higher level of culture and
civilization, than that which existed in Europe at the same
time.
At least five thousand years ago they had a Black civilization
in the Middle East called the Sumerians. Now when they show
you pictures of the Sumerians they try and make you think
that they were white people. But if you go and read some of
the ancient manuscripts or even read between the lines of
some of the current writers, you'll find that the Sumerian
civilization was a very dark-skinned civilization, and it existed
prior even to the existence of the Babylonian empire, right in
the same area where you find Iraq and the Tigris-Euphrates
rivers there. It was a black-skinned people who lived there,
who had a high state of culture way back then.
And at a time even beyond this there was a black-skinned
people in India, who were Black, just as Black as you and I,
called Dravidians. They inhabited the subcontinent of India
even before the present people that you see living there
today, and they had a high state of culture. The present
people of India even looked upon them as gods; most of their
statues, if you'll notice, have pronounced African features.
You go right to India today—in their religion, which is called
Buddhism, they give all their Buddhas the image of a Black
man, with his lips and his nose, and even show his hair all
curled up on his head; they didn't curl it up, he was born that
way. And these people lived in that area before the present
people of India lived there.
The Black man lived in the Middle East before the present
people who are now living there. And he had a high culture
and a high civilization, to say nothing about the oldest civilization
of all that he had in Egypt along the banks of the Nile.
And in Carthage in northwest Africa, another part of the
continent, and at a later date in Mali and Ghana and Songhai
and Moorish civilization—all of these civilizations existed on
the African continent before America was discovered.
Now the Black civilization that shook the white man up the
most was the Egyptian civilization, and it was a Black civilization.
It was along the banks of the Nile, which runs through
the heart of Africa. But again this tricky white man, and he's
tricky—and mind you again, when I say this, it's not a racist
statement. Some of them might not be tricky, but all of them
I've met are tricky. And his civilization shows his trickiness.
This tricky white man was able to take the Egyptian civilization,
write books about it, put pictures in those books, make movies
for television and the theater—so skillfully that he has even
convinced other white people that the ancient Egyptians were
white people themselves. They were African, they were as
much African as you and I. And he even gave the clue away
when he made this movie King Solomon's Mines, and he showed
the Watusis, you know, with their Black selves, and he outright
admitted in there that they looked like the ancient pharaohs
of ancient Egypt. Which means that the white man himself,
he knows that the Black man had this high civilization in
Egypt, whose remains today show the Black man in that area
had mastered mathematics, had mastered architecture, the
science of building things, had even mastered astronomy.
The pyramid, as the white scientists admit, is constructed
in such a position on this earth to show that the Black people
who were the architects of it had a knowledge of geography
that was so vast, they knew the exact center of the earth's land
mass. Because the base of the pyramid is located in the exact
center of the earth's land mass, which could not have been so
situated by its architect unless the architect in that day had
known that the earth was round and knew how much land
there was in all the directions from where he was standing.
The pyramid was built so many thousand years ago that they
don't even know the exact time it was built, but they do know
that the people who brought it into existence had mastered
the science of building, had mastered the various sciences of
the earth, and had mastered astronomy.
I read where one scientist said that the architect of the
pyramid had built a shaft that went outward from the center
of the pyramid, and the place it marked in the sky was the
location where a star, a blue star I think, some kind of a star,
made an appearance only once every fifty thousand years.
Now they say that this architect's knowledge of astronomy was
so vast that he evidently had access to histories or records that
spotlighted the existence of a star that made its appearance at
a certain spot in the sky only once every fifty thousand years.
Now he could not have known this unless he had records
going back beyond fifty thousand years. Yet the pyramid is a
living witness today that the Black people who were responsible
for bringing it into existence had this kind of knowledge.
When you read the opinions of the white scientists about
the pyramids and the building of the pyramids, they don't
make any secret at all over the fact that they marvel over the
scientific ability that was in the possession of those people
way back then. They had mastered chemistry to such extent
that they could make paints whose color doesn't fade right
until today. When I was in Cairo in the summer, I was in King
Tut's tomb, plus, I saw that which was taken out of the tomb
at the Cairo Museum. And the colors of the clothing that was
worn and the colors inside the tomb are as bright and vivid
and sharp today as they were when they were put there some
thousands of years ago. Whereas, you know yourself, you can
paint your house, and have to paint it again next year. This
man hasn't learned how to make paint yet that will last two
years. [Applause] And the Black man in that day was such a
master in these various scientific fields that he left behind
evidence that his scientific findings in that day exceeded the
degree to which the white man here in the West has been
able to rise today.
And you must know this, because if you don't know this,
you won't really understand what there is about you that
makes them so afraid of you, and makes them show that they
find it imperative for them to keep you down, keep you from
getting up. Because if they let you up one inch, you've got it
and gone—just one inch, you've got it and gone. And you
should get it and go. [Applause]
Just behind the pyramids is a huge statue, which many of
you are familiar with, called the Sphinx. The people who live
over there call it Abou al-Hole, which means "father of everything."
This too was put over there so long ago they don't
know who did it, nor do they know how long ago it was done.
And they marvel at it. What causes them to marvel is the fact
that the Black man could have been at such a high level then,
and now be where he is today, at the bottom of the heap, with
no outer sign that he has any scientific ability left within him.
And he himself doesn't believe that he has any of this ability
within him; he thinks that he has to turn to the man for some
kind of formula on even how to get his freedom or how to
build his house.
But the Black man by nature is a builder, he is scientific by
nature, he's mathematical by nature. Rhythm is mathematics,
harmony is mathematics. It's balance. And the Black man is
balanced. Before you and I came over here, we were so well
balanced we could toss something on our head and run with
it. You can't even run with your hat now [Laughter]—you
can't keep it on. Because you lost your balance. You've gotten
away from yourself. But when you are in tune with yourself,
your very nature has harmony, has rhythm, has mathematics.
You can build. You don't even need anybody to teach you
how to build. You play music by ear. You dance by how you're
feeling. And you used to build the same way. You have it in
you to do it. I know Black brickmasons from the South who
have never been to school a day in their life. They throw
more bricks together and you don't know how they learned
how to do it, but they know how to do it. When you see one
of those other people doing it, they've been to school—
somebody had to teach them. But nobody teaches you always
what you know how to do. It just comes to you. [Applause]
That's what makes you dangerous. When you come to yourself,
a whole lot of other things will start coming to you, and
the man knows it.
European "civilization"
In that day the Black man in Egypt was wearing silk, sharp as
a tack, brothers. And those people up in Europe didn't know
what cloth was. They admit this. They were naked or they
were wearing skins from animals. If they could get an animal,
they would take his hide and throw it around their shoulders
to keep warm. But they didn't know how to sew and weave.
They didn't have that knowledge in Europe, not in those
days.
They didn't cook their food in Europe. Even they themselves
will show you when they were living up there in caves,
they were knocking animals in the head and eating the raw
meat. They were eating raw meat, raw food. They still like it
raw today. You watch them go in a restaurant, they say, "Give
me a steak rare, with the blood dripping in it." [Laughter and
applause] And then you run in and say, "Give me one rare,
with the blood dripping in it." [Laughter] You don't do it
because that's the way you like it; you're just imitating them,
you're copying, you're trying to be like that man. But when
you act like yourself, you say, "Make mine well done." You like
cooked food, because you've been cooking a long time; but
they haven't been cooking so long—it wasn't too long ago
that they knew what fire was. This is true.
You were walking erect, upright. You ever watch your walk?
Now you're too hip to walk erect. You've come up with that
other walk. But when you're yourself, you walk with dignity.
Wherever you see the Black man, he walks with dignity. They
have a tendency to be other than with dignity, unless they're
trained. When their little girls go up to these, you know,
highfalutin schools, and they want to teach them how to
walk, they put a book on their head. Isn't that what they do?
They teach them how to walk like you. That's what they're
learning how to walk like—like you. Because you were almost
born with a book on your head. You can throw it up there
and run with it. I was amazed when I was in Africa to see the
sense of poise and balance that these people over there have,
all throughout Africa and Asia. They have that poise and that
balance. But this is not an accident. This comes from something.
And you have it too, but you've been channeling yours
in another direction, in a different direction. But when you
come to yourself, you'll channel it right.
Also as I said earlier, at that same time there was another
African civilization called Carthage. One of the most famous
persons in Carthage was a man named Hannibal. You and I
have been taught that he was a white man. This is how they
steal your history, they steal your culture, they steal your
civilization—just by Hollywood producing a movie showing a
Black man as a white man.
I remember one day I told someone that Hannibal was
Black. Some Negro, he was in college, one of these colleges—I
told him Hannibal was a Black man, and he had a fit. Really,
he did, he wanted to fight me on that. He said, "I know better
than that." "How do you know?" He said, "I saw him."
"Where'd you see him?" He said, "In the movies." [Laughter]
And he was in college, really, he was a highly educated
Negro— and he had a fit when I told him Hannibal was Black.
And some of you all right now are having a fit because you
didn't know it either.
Hannibal was famous for crossing the Alps mountains with
elephants. Europeans couldn't go across the Alps on foot by
themselves—no, they couldn't. Hannibal found a way to
cross the Alps with elephants. You know what an elephant
is—a great big old animal, it's hard to move him down the
road. They moved him across the mountains. And he had
with him ninety thousand African troops, defeated Rome,
and occupied Italy for between fifteen and twenty years.
This is why you find many Italians dark—some of that
Hannibal blood. No Italian will ever jump up in my face and
start putting bad mouth on me, because I know his history. I
tell him when you talk about me, you're talking about your
pappy, [Laughter] your father. He knows his history, he knows
how he got that color. Don't you know that just a handful of
Black American troops spent a couple of years in England
during World War II and left more brown babies back
there—just a handful of Black American soldiers in England
and in Paris and in Germany messed up the whole country.
Now what do you think ninety thousand Africans are going to
do in Italy for twenty years? [Laughter] It's good to know this
because when you know it, you don't have to get a club to
fight the man—put truth on him.
Even the Irish got a dose of your and my blood when the
Spanish Armada was defeated off the coast of Ireland, I think
around about the seventeenth or eighteenth century; I forget
exactly, you can check it out. The Spanish in those days were
dark. They were the remnants of the Moors, and they went
ashore and settled down in Ireland and right to this very day
you've got what's known as the Black Irish. And it's not an
accident that they call them Black Irish. If you look at them,
they've got dark hair, dark features, and they've got Spanish
names—like Eamon De Valera, the president, and there used
to be another one called Costello. These names came from
the Iberian Peninsula, which is the Spanish-Portuguese peninsula,
and they came there through these seamen, who were
dark in those days. Don't let any Irishman jump up in your
face and start telling you about you—why, he's got some of
your blood too. You've spread your blood everywhere. If you
start to talk to any one of them, I don't care where he is, if you
know history, you can put him right in his place. In fact, he'll
stay in his place, if he knows that you know your history.
West African cultures
So all of this Carthage, Sumerian, Dravidian, Egyptian,
Ethiopian history took place B.C., before Christ. In this era
that you and I are living in after Christ, right in West Africa,
one of the most highly developed civilizations was Ghana.
Ghana wasn't located where she is today geographically, she
wasn't limited to that geographic location. She covered
pretty much a great portion of West Africa, and dates the
early history of that empire at almost up to the time of the
birth of Christ. And it was a highly developed civilization,
highly developed society, that prevailed right up until I think
around the eleventh century, or perhaps it went out of existence
as an empire just before the tenth or the eleventh
century. But this was an empire in Africa that was the source
of gold and ivory; and other art objects, what would be called
today art objects or items of luxury, came from Ghana. They
had one of the most highly developed governmental systems,
tax systems, cultures, period, at that time when people in
Europe—
When President Nkrumah (he wasn't president then, I
don't think) visited New York (I think it was in 1959; Harriman
was governor) they had a banquet for him downtown,
which I attended. Governor Harriman, Abe Stark, Mayor
Wagner, all of them were there. At one point when they were
introducing Nkrumah, they were congratulating him. I remember
Abe Stark said this: That Nkrumah comes from
Ghana, a country which was highly civilized, wearing silks, at
a time when we, he said, up in Europe, were painting ourselves
blue. Pick up on that. Abe Stark at that time was right
under Wagner, and he's Jewish, which means he knows a
whole lot of Black history, and here he was admitting that a
civilization existed in Africa, where you and I came from, that
was so highly developed that the people were wearing silks
when his people, the Europeans, were up in the caves painting
themselves blue.
Now you would think, with him saying that, that the Black
newspaper reporters present would have put it in the paper
and used it to wake up some of us in Harlem. They didn't say
a mumbling word. And I know—I could name the ones that
were there right now, some of them occupying leading positions
in Black newspapers in this city. They didn't say a mumbling
word.
They should have put it in the headlines, so they could
wake Black people up, and let our people know that the
white man knows that he didn't get us out of the jungle, he
didn't get us out of some place that was savage. He got us out
of a place that was highly civilized in culture and in art, and
then brought us down to the level that you see us on today.
But they are afraid to let us know what level we were on.
They'll tell the Africans because they know the Africans know
it, but they don't want you and me to know it. Because the
first thing you and I would start asking them is, "Well, what
did you do to us?" And if you find out, then you'll want to do
it to him. The only way you can forgive him is to not know
what you're forgiving him for. And you don't know what
you've been forgiving him for. If you find out what he did to
you, you won't have any forgiveness. No, you'll say, let the
good times roll, let the chips fall where they may. [Laughter
and applause]
After Ghana in West Africa, there was another civilization
called Mali. Mali is one of the most famous because it was
made famous by a Black sultan named Mansa Musa. Mansa
Musa was famed for a journey he took from Mali to Mecca.
[A few words are lost here as the tape is turned.]
In the same area—all of these three empires were in West
Africa—after the Mali, I think, it was the Songhai empire.
The Songhai empire covered, I think, even more territory
than the Mali empire. And in those days there was the fabulous,
fabled city of Timbuktu. Timbuktu was a center of
learning where they had colleges and universities; and this
Timbuktu existed as a hidden city, or forbidden city, to the
white man for many centuries. He was not permitted to go
there, none of them had been there—it was for us. They had
universities there in which scholars traveled from China,
Japan, the Orient, from Asia, from Africa, all the parts of
Africa, to come there and learn. This was in Africa, and this
existed before the discovery of America.
These people who taught at this university, or these universities,
had a knowledge of geography. They knew that the
earth was round. It wasn't Columbus that discovered that it
was round for people in Europe; they discovered it when they
began to be exposed to the science and learning that existed
in the universities on the African continent. But the white
man is such a liar, he doesn't want it to be known that the
Black man was so far ahead of him in science. Now, this isn't
racist talk, when I say he's a liar. I'm not talking about all of
them, I'm talking about those who are responsible for this
false concept of the African image, and that is most of them.
If I said all of them, they'd call me a racist. I can't say all of
them, but most of them, those in power, that told lies deliberately
and scientifically to distort the image of Africa in order
to mold a better picture and image of Europe—you can see
the crime that they committed once you begin to delve into
the African continent today and find its real position in
science and civilization in times gone by.
Also, at that same time or a little later was a civilization
called the Moors. The Moors were also a dark-skinned people
on the African continent, who had a highly developed
civilization. They were such magnificent warriors that they
crossed the Straits of Gibraltar in, I think, the year 711,
eighth century, conquered Portugal, what we today know as
Portugal, Spain, and southern France, conquered it and
ruled it for seven hundred years. And they admit that during
this time Europe was in the Dark Ages, meaning darkness,
ignorance. And it was the only light spot; the only light, the
only light of learning, that existed on the European continent
at that time were the universities that the Moors had
erected in what we today know as Spain and Portugal. These
were African universities that they set up in that area. And
they ruled throughout that area, up to a place known as
Tours, where they were stopped by a Frenchman known in
history as Charles Martel, or Charles the Hammer. He
stopped the invasion of the Africans, and these were Africans.
They try to confuse you and me by calling them Moors, so
that you and I won't know what they were. But when you go
home, look in the dictionary. Look up the word M-o-o-r; it will
tell you that Moor means black. Well, if Negro means black and
Moor means black, then they're talking about the same people
all the time. But they don't want you and me to know that
we were warriors, that we conquered, that we had armies.
They want you and me to think that we were always nonviolent,
and passive, and peaceful, and forgiving. Sure, we forgave
our enemies in those days—after we killed them, we
forgave them. [Laughter and applause]
Invention of gunpowder
The Black man in those days had never been defeated on the
battlefield. He was only defeated when the Europeans invented,
or got access to, gunpowder. I started to say invented
gunpowder, but they didn't invent it, the Chinese invented it.
The Chinese used it for peaceful purposes. Marco Polo, I
think it was Marco wasn't it—he got ahold of it, and brought
it back to Europe, and immediately they started using it to kill
people with. This is the difference—that European, he's got
something going for him that other people don't have going
for them: he loves to kill—oh yes, he does. In Asia and in
Africa, we kill for food. In Europe, they kill for sport. Have
you not noticed that? Yes, they're bloodthirsty, they love
blood; they love to see the flow of other people's blood, not
their own. They're bloodthirsty. But in all of your ancient
Asian or African societies, the killing of game was done for
food, not just for sport. You don't get your kicks killing. They
get their kicks killing. It gets good to them. Oh yes, you watch
them sometime when they shoot a pheasant. I've watched
them; when I was a little boy, I lived on a farm with white
folks. When they shoot something, they just go crazy, you
know, like they were really getting their kicks. And we have
heard stories where they have lynched Black people, and
right while they were lynching that Black man, you could see
them getting their kicks, the thrill, while they do it. Whereas
you and I, when we kill, we kill because we need to, either for
food or to defend ourselves. That's something to think about.
But they never defeated the African armies until they got
gunpowder. Then with their gunpowder, they came in. In
those days we had mastered the blade. Right now, you notice
they have nightmares when they think a Negro's got a blade
in his pocket. [Laughter] This is true, because they know you
know how to use it, brothers. Historically, on the battlefield,
no one could use a blade like you and me—yes. You see, it
takes a man to use one, for one thing. It takes a man to use a
sword and a spear, because you've got to have the heart to get
up to someone close enough to work with him; [Laughter]
you've got to have the heart. But anybody can take a gun and
stand at a distance and shoot at something that's no danger
to him anyway. You and I, we went right on into him. And
once he got ahold of the gun, that suited his nature; and he
used it, and took over the world, with that gunpowder and his
lies—I don't know which was the most effective. He lied and
killed, to take over the world.
During the Crusades, we fought him and beat him; again,
he didn't have the gunpowder. During the Crusades the
Europeans fought against the Asians and the Africans—it was
the war between what they called the Muslims and the Christians.
In those days, you didn't have Black Christians. Christians
meant the European nations: France, Belgium. You go
read the history of the Crusades. You'll find that their chief
general was the Pope, his headquarters was in Rome, and
they made war trying to redeem the city of Jerusalem, in
which was the tomb of Jesus. They wanted to regain it from
the Muslims, but they never could do it. The Muslims defeated
the Christian armies. And the Christian armies in
those days were white; the Muslim armies were black, brown,
red, and yellow.
Some of the leading warriors in the Muslim armies were
from Africa. The Africans had mastered metalwork with such
skill that they had a coat that they put on, made of steel, that
was just as pliable as this. Whereas, when you see the white
knight, you notice he had to have some help to get on his
horse. [Laughter] Because he looked like he was inside of a
stove. They didn't know how to work metal in Europe. But
that Black man had mastered metalcraft, woodcraft, leathercraft—he
was crafty, brothers, he mastered everything. But
not a thing in Europe. And it was during the Crusades that
many of the people in Europe realized what a high culture
existed in Asia and in Africa. Why, these people were living in
huts in Europe, and in holes in the hills, still in that day—they
were savages almost, didn't know what learning was,
couldn't read and write. The king couldn't even read and
write, and he was over all of them. They got all their reading
and writing and arithmetic from you and me. And you see
what they did with it? They turned around and used it on us.
So the question is: If we were at such a level then, what
happened to us to get us where we are now? If we had such a
high culture, such a high civilization, what happened to get
us where we are now?
When America was discovered and colonized by England,
England populated her American colonies not with people
who were refined and cultured, but, if you read the history,
she did the same thing here that she did in Australia. All the
convicts were sent here to found this country. The prisons
were emptied of prostitutes and thieves and murderers. They
were sent over here to populate this country. When these
people jump up in your and my face today, talking about
[how] the founding fathers were puritan pure, that's some
talk for somebody else. No, the founding fathers from England
came from the dungeons of England, came from the
prisons of England; they were prostitutes, they were murderers
and thieves and liars. And as soon as they got over here,
they proved it. They created one of the most criminal societies
that has ever existed on the earth since time began. And
if you doubt it, when you go home at night, look in the
mirror at yourself, and you'll see the victim of that criminal
system that was created by them. [Applause]
They were such artful liars, they were such artful, skillful
liars, that they were able to take a criminal system and, with
lies, project it to the world as a humanitarian system. They
were the worst form of criminals themselves, but with their
lies they were able to project themselves as pilgrims who were
so religious, they were coming to this country so they could
practice their religion. And you ate that thing up 100 percent.
No, they were crooks that came here—Washington,
Jefferson, Adams, Quincy, and the others, all of them were
criminals. And if you doubt that they were, when they wrote
this document talking about freedom, they still owned you.
Yes, when they wrote, how does that thing go—about "all
men created equal"?—that was later on. Who was it wrote
that—"all men created equal"? It was Jefferson. Jefferson had
more slaves than anybody else. So they weren't talking about
us.
When I see some poor old brainwashed Negroes—you
mention Thomas Jefferson and George Washington and Patrick
Henry, they just swoon, you know, with patriotism. But
they don't realize that in the sight of George Washington,
you were a sack of molasses, a sack of potatoes. You—yes—were
a sack of potatoes, a barrel of molasses, you amounted
to nothing, in the sight of Washington, or in the sight of
Jefferson, or Hamilton, and some of those other so-called
founding fathers. You were their property. And if it was left
up to them, you'd still be their property today.
American slavery
So it was in that atmosphere that you and I arrived here. It
was in the hands of that kind of people that you and I fell, in
around the sixteenth century. When we came here as slaves,
we were civilized, we had culture, we had a knowledge of
science. They don't take a slave who's dumb—a dumb slave is
not good, you have to know how to do something to be a
profitable slave. This was a country that needed an agricultural
system. They had no agriculture in Europe in the fifteenth
and sixteenth centuries. What was the agricultural
product, what farm product was Europe famous for? Tell me.
You can't. They had none, they were growing weeds up there
in Europe. The farm products, the agricultural system, existed
in Africa and Asia. You had mastered the growing of
cotton, you had mastered the growing of all of the farm
products that are necessary to give a person a balanced diet,
on the African continent. You were a master of woodcraft,
metalwork, and all of these other skills; and it was this that
they needed. They didn't need just someone with muscle to
do work—they needed someone with skill. So they brought
our people here, who were the fathers of skill, who had all of
these skills. And they brought us here to set up an agricultural
system for them, to weave their clothes and show them
how to weave, and do the other things that make a civilization
and society a balanced civilization and society.
So when our people got here—and they came here from a
civilization where they had high morals; there was no stealing,
no drunkenness, no adultery, fornication; there was
nothing but high morals—when they got here, they found a
country that had the lowest morals that existed on earth at
that time, because it was peopled and run by prostitutes, by
cutthroats, by criminals; and they created a society to fit their
nature. And when our people came into that, they were
shocked—they rebelled against it, they didn't want to stay
here. In the first place, they had been tricked over here, put
in chains and brought here, as history points out. Initially—there's
a book called The Slave Trade by Spears,
1
in which it
points out that one of the first slave ships to come here was
piloted by an Englishman named John Hawkins, and John
Hawkins's ship was called Jesus, the good ship Jesus. This was
the boat that was used—it's in history—they used Jesus to
bring them here. And they've been using him to keep you
here, too. [Laughter]
When our people got here and found out what they had
gotten into, they didn't want to stay. Many of them started
looking for that ship that brought them here. The slaves had
an old spiritual which they sang: "Steal away to Jesus, steal
away home." You think that they were talking about some
man that got hung on the cross two thousand years ago,
whereas they were talking about a ship. They wanted to steal
away and get on board that ship that was named Jesus, so that
they could go back home on the mother continent, the
African continent, where they had been tricked and brought
from. But you've got poor Negroes today, who have been
brainwashed, still sitting in church talking about stealing
away to Jesus; they talk about going up yonder, dying, if
they're going somewhere. Showing you how your mind is all
messed up. They were talking about a boat.
Or, they used to sing a song, "You can have all this world,
but give me Jesus." They weren't talking about that man that
died supposedly on the cross, they were talking about a boat.
"You can have this world"—this Western world, this evil, corrupt,
run-down, low-down Western world—but give me Jesus
the boat, [Applause] but give me the ship Jesus, so I can go
back home where I'll be among my own kind. This is what
the spiritual came from. But they've got it in the church
today, and that old dumb preacher has your and my—yes,
dumb preacher—has your and my mind so messed up we
think that Jesus is somebody that died on a cross, and we sit
there foaming at the mouth talking about "you can have all
this world, but give me Jesus." And the man took all this
world and gave you Jesus, and that's all you've got is Jesus.
[Laughter and applause]
There were three people involved in the crime that was
committed against us—the slave trader, the slave master, and
a third one that they don't tell you and me about, the slave
maker. You've read about the slave trader and you've read
about the slave master; in fact, you know the slave master—you're
still in his hands. But you never read in history the
part played by the slave maker.
You can't make a wise man a slave, you can't make a
warrior a slave. When you and I came here, or rather when
we were brought here, we were brought here from a society
that was highly civilized, our culture was at the highest level,
and we were warriors—we knew no fear. How could they
make us slaves? They had to do the same thing to us that we
do to a horse. When you take a horse out of the wilds, you
don't just jump on him and ride him, or put a bit in his
mouth and use him to plow with. No, you've got to break him
in first. Once you break him in, then you can ride him. Now
the man who rides him is not the man who breaks him in. It
takes a different type of man to break him in than it takes to
ride him. The average man that's been riding him can't
break him in. It takes a cruel man to break him in, a mean
man, a heartless man, a man with no feelings.
And this is why they took the role of the slave maker out of
history. It was so criminal that they don't even dare to write
about it, to tell what was done to you and me to break us in
and break us down to the level that we're on today. Because if
you find the role that that slave maker played, I'm telling
you, you'll find it hard to forget and forgive, you'll find it
hard. I can't forgive the slave trader or the slave master; you
know I can't forgive the slave maker. [Applause]
Slave making
Our people weren't brought right here to this country. They
were first dropped off in the West Indian islands, in the
Caribbean. Most of the slaves that were brought from Africa
were dropped off first in the Caribbean, West Indian islands.
Why? This was the breaking-in grounds. They would break
them in down there. When they broke them in, then they
would bring the ones whose spirit had been broken on to
America. They had all kinds of tactics for breaking them in.
They bred fear into them, for one thing.
I read in one book how the slave maker used to take a
pregnant woman, a Black woman, and make her watch as her
man would be tortured and put to death. One of those slave
makers had trees that he planted in positions where he would
bend them and tie them, and then tie the hand of a Black
man to one, a hand to the other, and his legs to two more,
and he'd cut the rope. And when he'd cut the rope, that tree
would snap up and pull the arm of the Black man right out of
his socket, pull him up into four different parts. I'll show you
books where you can read it, they write about it. And they
made the pregnant Black women stand there and watch as
they did it, so that all this grief and fear that they felt would
go right into that baby, that Black baby that was yet to be
born. It would be born afraid, born with fear in it. And you've
got it in you right now—right now, you've still got it. When
you get in front of that blue-eyed thing, you start to itching,
don't you? And you don't know why. It was bred into you. But
when you find out how they did it, you can get it out of you
and put it right back in them.
Now, I'm not talking racism. [Applause] This isn't racism—this
is history, we're dealing with just a little bit of history
tonight. We've only got a few minutes left, so I'm trying to go
fast. I'm kind of tired, so I can't go too fast—you'll have to
excuse me—but I just want to get the rest of this out.
They used to take a Black woman who would be pregnant
and tie her up by her toes, let her be hanging head down,
and they would take a knife and cut her stomach open, let
that Black unborn child fall out, and then stomp its head in
the ground. I'll show you books where they write about this,
I'll name them to you: Slave Trade by Spears; From Slavery to
Freedom by John Hope Franklin; Negro Family in the U.S. by
Frazier touches on some of it. All night long—Anti-Slavery by
Dwight Lowell Dumond—I'll cite you books all night long,
where they write themselves on what they did to you and me.
And have got the nerve to say we teach hate because we're
talking about what they did. Why, they're lucky, really, they're
lucky, they're fortunate. [Applause]
Slaves used to sing that song about "My Lord's going to
move this wicked race and raise up a righteous nation that
will obey." They knew what they were talking about—they
were talking about the man. They used to sing a song, "Good
News, a Chariot Is Coming." If you notice, everything they
sang in those spirituals was talking about going to get away
from here. None of them wanted to stay here. You're the only
ones, sitting around here now like a knot on a log, wanting to
stay here. You're supposed to be educated and hip, you're
supposed to know what's happening, you know—they're not
supposed to know what's happening. But everything they
sang, every song, had a hint in it that they weren't satisfied
here, that they weren't being treated right, that somebody
had to go.
The slave maker knew that he couldn't make these people
slaves until he first made them dumb. And one of the best
ways to make a man dumb is to take his tongue, take his
language. A man who can't talk, what do they call him? A
dummy. Once your language is gone, you are a dummy. You
can't communicate with people who are your relatives, you
can never have access to information from your family—you
just can't communicate.
Also, if you'll notice, the natural tongue that one speaks is
referred to as one's mother tongue—mother tongue. And
the natural intelligence that a person has before he goes to
school is called mother wit. Not father wit—it's called mother
wit because everything a child knows before it gets to school,
it learns from its mother, not its father. And if it never goes to
school, whatever native intelligence it has, it got it primarily
from its mother, not its father; so it's called mother wit. And
the mother is also the one who teaches the child how to
speak its language, so that the natural tongue is called the
mother tongue. Whenever you find as many people as we
who aren't able to speak any mother tongue, why, that's
evidence right there something was done to our mother.
Something had to have happened to her.
They had laws in those days that made it mandatory for a
Black child to be taken from its mother as fast as that child
was born. The mother never had a chance to rear it. The
child would be brought up somewhere else away from the
mother, so that the mother couldn't teach the child what she
knew—about itself, about her past, about its heritage. It
would have to grow up in complete darkness, knowing nothing
about the land where it came from or the people that it
came from. Not even about its own mother. There was no
relationship between the Black child and its mother; it was
against the law. And if the master would ever find any of
those children who had any knowledge of its mother tongue,
that child was put to death. They had to stamp out the
language; they did it scientifically. If they found any one of
them that could speak it, off went its head, or they would put
it to death, they would kill it, in front of the mother, if
necessary. This is history; this is how they took your language.
You didn't lose it, it didn't evaporate—they took it with a
scientific process, because they knew they had to take it to
make you dumb, or into the dummy that you and I now are.
I read in some books where it said that some of the slave
mothers would try and get tricky. In order to teach their
child, who'd be off in another field somewhere, they themselves
would be praying and they'd pray in a loud voice, and
in their own language. The child in the distant field would
hear his mother's voice, and he'd learn how to pray in the
same way; and in learning how to pray, he'd pick up on some
of the language. And the master found that this was being
done, and immediately he stepped up his efforts to kill all the
little children that were benefiting from this. And so it became
against the law even for the slave to be caught praying
in his tongue, if he knew it. It was against the law. You've
heard some of the people say they had to pray with their
heads in a bucket. Well, they weren't praying to the Jesus that
they're praying to now. The white man will let you call on that
Jesus all day long; in fact he'll make it possible for you to call
on him. If you were calling on somebody else, then he'd have
more fear of it. Your calling on that somebody else in that
other language—that causes him a bit of fear, a bit of fright.
They used to have to steal away and pray. All those songs
that the slaves talked, or sang, and called spirituals, had
wrapped up in them some of what was happening to them.
And when the child realized that it couldn't hear its mother
pray any more, the slaves would come up with a song, "I
Couldn't Hear Nobody Pray," or the song "Motherless
Child": "Sometimes, I feel like a motherless child. Father
gone, mother gone, motherless child sees a hard time." All of
these songs were describing what was happening to us then,
in the only way the slaves knew how to communicate—in
song. They didn't dare say it outright, so they put it in song.
They pretended that they were singing about Moses in "Go
Down, Moses." They weren't talking about Moses and telling
"old Pharaoh to let my people go." They were trying to talk
some kind of talk to each other, over the slave master's head.
Now you've got ahold of the thing and you're believing in it
for real. Yes, I hear you singing "Go down, Moses," and you're
still talking about Moses four thousand years ago—you're out
of your mind. But those slaves had a whole lot of sense.
Everything they sang was designed toward freedom, designed
toward going back home, or designed toward getting
this big white ape off their backs. [Applause]
The main lesson
For three hundred years we stayed at that level. Finally we got
to where we had no language, no history, no name. The
white man named us after himself—Jones, Smith, Johnson,
Bunche, and names like those. [Laughter] We couldn't speak
our own language; we had none. And he then began to teach
us that we came from a jungle, where the people had no
language. This was the crime that was committed—he convinced
us that our people back home were savages and animals
in the jungle, and the reason we couldn't talk was
because we never had a language. And we grew up thinking
that we never had one.
In the meantime, while he was working on us, his brothers
—in England and in France and in Belgium and in Spain
and in Italy and in Germany—were working on the African
continent. While he was working on us over here, they were
running wild on the African continent, stomping out all signs
that ever there was a civilization over there, making slaves out
of them over there too. And by working together as partners,
the man on the European continent, in cahoots with this
white man on the American continent, succeeded in taking
over Africa and Asia and the entire world, while we went to
sleep.
Then in 1865 he came up with a trick, pretending that he
was fighting a Civil War to set us free—which wasn't to set us
free. He came up with another trick, that he was issuing an
Emancipation Proclamation to set us free—which wasn't to
set us free. And then he also pretended that he was putting
some amendments to the Constitution to set us free—which
wasn't to set us free. Later on, he came up with a Supreme
Court decision which he said was to give us free access to
better education—which wasn't to do that. And then last year
he came up with a bill that he called also to give us more
freedom—which also wasn't to do that.
Any man who will know the level of civilization that we
started out on and came from, any man who knows the
criminal deeds that were done to us by his people to bring us
to the level that we've been on for the past three hundred
years, knows he is so deceptive, so deceitful, so criminally
deceitful, that it is almost beyond his nature or desire to
come up with anything meaningful that will undo what has
been done to us over the past three hundred years. It is
absolutely necessary—anything that is done for us, has to be
done by us. [Applause]
Now, brothers and sisters, it's after ten o'clock, and I definitely
didn't intend to go beyond ten, but I do want you to
have at least a ten-minute question period before we dismiss
and prepare for our meeting next week. I felt that it was
necessary tonight to go back somewhat and remind ourselves
—because many of you know everything that I have said
tonight, you know it already; then there are many others who
don't—but I felt it absolutely necessary to use tonight, since
we're getting ready to go into February and Negro History
Week, to use tonight to kind of brush up on some of the
history of our people that existed prior to the time we were
brought to America; then next week, next Sunday night, deal
with current conditions and the tricky schemes that are used
by the government as well as other forces to perpetuate our
condition, rather than alleviate it. And then on the third
Sunday, the thirty-first of January, it is our intention to present
to you the program and the solution of the Organization
of Afro-American Unity, which we feel will bring about some
meaningful results immediately, and which we will ask your
100 percent cooperation in, in order to make it materialize.
Before we have our question period, we're going to take up
a collection. And I want to ask you, especially tonight: please
be more generous than you have been. Because if there's
anything we need, it's finances. We don't get any help from
any outside source. Anybody else would get it. We don't get
any help whatsoever other than what we get right here at
these meetings from you.
Also, this week we want to take out an ad in one of the local
newspapers, so that it will be known that we're out here next
week. None of the newspapers ever talk about our meetings;
they don't help us publicize it in any way, shape, or form,
other than the Militant—the Militant does. But some of the
Negro newspapers don't; I don't know whether they won't,
but I do know that they don't. And I would like for you to try
and dig down as deeply as you can and help us. Because we
need it. In fact, if we could get stronger financial support,
we'd be in a position to make our program materialize much
faster than we have.
[A collection is taken. A question is then asked by a woman about
the selling of slaves by Africans to the Europeans.]
All of those things happened. Africans sold slaves; we sold
each other. Arabs sold slaves. The white man bought the
slaves. You may wonder what happened to make us sell each
other. The white man had a trick going—what he called the
three something-or-other. It dealt with rum, sugarcane—how
does that go? They would grow sugarcane in the Caribbean
and take it to New England and turn it into rum, and then
take that rum to Africa and turn it into slaves. It was something
like that. [Voices from audience: "Triangular."] How was
that? Yeah, triangle, some kind of triangle. Imagine that, they
used our slave labor to grow the sugarcane; they took that
cane to England and turned it into rum and whiskey and
other things, and then took that to Africa and turned it into
slaves. And then they had cotton that they took to Europe in
exchange for manufactured goods that were being turned
out there. But you and I, our sale, is what made them rich.
Now, who did it? The Africans took captives in warfare, and
the Europeans did that old divide-and-conquer act, and
would sell guns to one side; and the guns that the one side
had, enabled them to easily defeat the other side. And in that
particular cultural thought pattern, the captive was a slave,
he was a prize of war, and he was turned over to the Europeans.
I doubt that any of them over there really knew what they
were sending us into, or that we knew what we were coming
into. But it was a very vicious thing; you and I are the victims
of it. Everybody feels guilty about it, you can believe it. The
Arabs are guilty; Europeans are guilty; the Africans feel
guilty; everybody feels guilty.
Yes, sir.
[A question is asked by a man about the different kinds of slavery
that existed at different times in different countries.]
Yes, and I'm glad you brought that out. It is true that the
type of slavery that was practiced in America was never practiced
in history by any other country. A lot of times, what you
read about in history as a slave was nothing but a servant,
because he could get out of it. But the thing that you and I
were sold into—we were sold like we were an animal. Our
human characteristics were not recognized at all. We became
a commodity, nameless, languageless, godless commodity,
subhuman. And they had no feelings for us whatsoever. In
church, they did it in the name of the Lord. Oh yes, they even
put that into it. And don't say anything about that church in
Rome—they played one of the leading roles. Now, they try to
act all sanctimonious, you know, like everything is all right.
They made a few Black cardinals, a couple other bishops, and
then you run and get the Catholic Holy Ghost. [Laughter]
Any more questions? Yes, sir.
[A question is asked by a man about the relationship between the
people that brought the slaves to America and "the people that rule us
today."]
Oh yes, their descendants. That's all they are, brother,
believe me. This is what makes them so deceitful and tricky.
Like father, like son. You and I were produced by kings and
queens from the African continent, scientists, the best. They
took the best of the African society and sold them as slaves.
We brought the highest price. We didn't come here as
chumps; we were the cream of the crop on the African continent.
But not those men. Those that were sent here from
Europe were the dregs of society. Old, run-down, ex-, wornout
thieves—you thought I was going to say something else,
didn't you. [Laughter] No, they were the worst part of that
European society, brother, and they still reflect it right today.
Everything you see them doing here—no feelings; they'll
sell you right down the river right now. They have no morals
at all; no sense of moral consciousness exists in them. They
will lie, talk about the Great Society, and all that other stuff.
No, nothing but lies. How is somebody from Texas going to
start a great society? [Laughter] They don't have it down
there. You know, back when I was out there in the world, I
used to see Willie Bryant at the Apollo. You remember Willie
Bryant? They had a song in those days about "Deep in the
Heart of Texas," and I used to hear Willie Bryant singing,
"The stars are bright, they'll hang you any night, deep in the
heart of Texas." This is just twenty years ago, and they still do
the same thing today. And Johnson was congressman then.
You know Johnson—he's got a cold. [Laughter]
Are there any other questions? Yes, sir.
[A question is asked by a man about the number of Indians left in
the United States.]
Indians? He's on the reservation. They put me and you on
the plantation, and put the Indians on the reservation—
that's how they built this nation. The Indian is in worse shape
than we are. I was out in the desert at an Arizona reservation
a couple of years ago. They're in bad shape. But they have
more respect for the Indians than they do for you and me.
You know why? Because they fought them. You don't hear
any white man talking about he's got Black trouble, but in a
minute you'll hear him say he's got some Indian trouble. A
white man will say that. Haven't you heard it? Sure, they'll
claim the Indians, but nobody is going to claim you and
me—because we're nonviolent. Nobody wants to be related
to anything nonviolent, nobody. [Applause] You're going to
be a peaceful slave, a nonviolent slave. No, that Indian,
brother, he drank blood, he tomahawked. [Laughter] Imagine
taking a man's scalp. And then he's going to say he's got
your blood. He'll respect you. No, that's what you need to
learn how to do. The Indians said they had forked tongues,
which means they're liars, you know. The Indians knew them.
And they show you every time you turn on the television—
any old cowboy picture shows you a white man lying to the
Indian. He doesn't hide it.
Time for a couple more questions, a couple more questions.
Any more? Yes, ma'am.
[A question is asked by a woman about the "slave breeder."]
No, the slave breeder was that slave maker. The slave
maker was the one responsible for breeding slaves, and he
bred them. They bred any-kind-of-looking slave you wanted.
[Same woman speaks further, referring to the novel Mandingo.]
Yes. I know some of you all never read Mandingo, did you?
It is true that they used to have special Black slaves that they
called bucks, I think, whose job was to do nothing but breed.
I see a lot of them, I think, around Harlem now. [Laughter] In
those days a child born of a slave woman never knew its
father, didn't know who the father was; didn't make any
difference. And, you know, this has affected our society.
Even right now you read some of the conclusions reached
by some of these so-called sociologists. They admit that the
tendency of our women to have babies born out of wedlock is
a throwback right to a habit that was born during slavery. In
slavery, it was nothing for a Black woman to have a baby—she
was supposed to have a baby. And the father, the Black man
who fathered the baby, was never permitted to have the
responsibility of a father. All he did was make the baby. He
couldn't recognize it as his; it was going to be sold as soon as
the master wanted to sell it. He was never permitted to develop
a sense of responsibility for taking care of his own
offspring.
And that came right down from slavery to the Black community
today. You'll find many men who are married and
have two or three children, walk away from that woman like
she didn't even exist, and leave those children in the house
without a second thought, without a second thought. Well,
you wouldn't find an African doing this. We weren't like this
in Africa. This is a throwback, this is a holdover, from slavery.
We've got to get rid of it. But you're never going to get rid of
it until you get rid of the cause, and man, you know who the
cause is. [Applause]
Are there any other questions?
Then I have some announcements that I would like to read
quickly. Our newsletter, the Blacklash, is going to be revised
and turned into a newspaper, a more informative and attractive
newspaper. We're working on that right now. And the
brother who has been doing such a wonderful job on the
newsletter is Brother Peter. I don't see him—where is
Brother Peter? Way back there, the handsome brother. Give
him a big hand. [Applause] He's been doing a wonderful job
on the newsletter, and he's now working toward turning it
into a newspaper.
Also, there'll be a membership meeting of the Organization
of Afro-American Unity, Tuesday, January 26, at 8:00
p.m., at 2395 Eighth Avenue. We would like all of the members
to attend, because we're trying to get ourselves organized
in such a way that we can become inseparably involved
in an action program that will meet the needs, desires, likes,
or dislikes of everyone that's involved. And we want you
involved in it.
Also, the aims and the objectives of the Organization of
Afro-American Unity are being prepared right now. They will
be made available soon. We are attempting to make this
organization one in which any serious-minded Afro-American
can actively participate, and we welcome your suggestions
at all of these membership meetings. One of these will
be on Tuesday night. We want your suggestions; we don't in
any way claim to have the answers to everything, but we do
feel that all of us combined can come up with an answer. We
believe that the brain that you have, the ability to think, your
experience in this hell that we've all been through, is all the
credentials you need when you come to a membership meeting
with your suggestions. With all of the combined suggestions
and the combined talent and know-how, we do believe
that we can devise a program that will shake the world.
Frankly, that's what we need to do—shake the world. We
don't need to duplicate anything that has been done with all
this politeness and compromise and so forth; we need to find
out what is necessary to be done, and do it, no matter
whether they like it or not. First, analyze it, find out what is
necessary to be done, and then let's do it.
Yes, sir.
[A man asks about a telegram that was to be sent to the leader of
the American Nazi Party.]
Let me see if I have it here. I sent this telegram to Rockwell
the other day. It states:
"To George Lincoln Rockwell: This is to warn you that I am
no longer held in check from fighting white supremacists by
Elijah Muhammad's separationist Black Muslim movement,
and that if your present racist agitation against our people
there in Alabama causes physical harm to Reverend King or
any other Black Americans who are only attempting to enjoy
their rights as free human beings, that you and your Ku Klux
Klan friends will be met with maximum physical retaliation
from those of us who are not handcuffed by the disarming
philosophy of nonviolence, and who believe in asserting our
right of self-defense—by any means necessary."
That was sent. [Prolonged applause] And it was sent at a time
when he was acting bad and bogish there in Selma. And you
haven't heard anything about it since. No. The entire press
was aware that it was sent. Nothing about it; they wouldn't
print it. I'm going to tell you why they wouldn't print it, and
I must tell you. The so-called liberal element of the white
power structure never wants to see nationalists involved in
anything that has to do with civil rights. And I'll tell you why.
Any other Black people who get involved are involved within
the rules that are laid down by the white liberals. And as long
as they are involved within those rules, then that means
they're only going to go as far as the liberal element of the
power structure will endorse their activity. But when the
nationalistic-minded Blacks get involved, then we do what
our analysis tells us is necessary to be done, whether the
white liberal or anybody else likes it or not. So, they don't
want us involved.
Plus, I was curious to find out how Dr. King would react, if
he were told. See, I saw him getting knocked down on television,
I saw the man knock him in his mouth. Well, that hurt
me, I'll tell you. Because I'm Black and he's Black—I don't
care how dumb he is. Still, when I see a Black man knocked
in the mouth, I feel it, because it could happen to you or me.
And if I was there with King and I saw someone knocking on
him, I'd come to his rescue. I would be misrepresenting
myself if I made you think I wouldn't. Yes, and then I'd show
him, see, he's doing it the wrong way—this is the way you do
it. [Applause]
Did you have more to that, sir?
[A man relates an incident, following the attempted World's Fair
stall-in during April 1964, when Roy Wilkins and the NAACP
national office cracked down on an NAACP youth council that had
wanted to invite a Black nationalist speaker.]
Yes. You know why, brother? Because they are afraid, as I
say, for any nationalist-minded person to get involved with
any civil rights Negro. See, the civil rights Negro—let me use
the word Negro for a minute—the civil rights Negro is in a
straitjacket. Really, he is. Read this book The Negro Mood—the
chapter, "The Black Establishment"—and you'll see they're
in a straitjacket. I'll tell you frankly what I intend to do. Since
they used to condemn me all the time, when I was in the
Black Muslim movement, for talking but not getting involved,
"Okay," I'll say, "you've got some action going? I'll get
involved, I'll get involved." But I know they don't want me
involved. Because if I get involved, I'm for involvement all
the way.
I say this: that if the law of the land states that you and I
have the right to do thus and so, it doesn't take a picket to
establish that right. All we've got to do is go and do it. Now,
anyone who gets in our way to deprive us of that right, which
is constitutional—Supreme Court and all that kind of stuff—
anyone who gets in our way is a lawbreaker. We're not the
lawbreakers; we're enforcing the law. Anyone who stops you
from trying to register and vote is breaking the law. You can
waste him, yes, you can waste him, and there's nothing he
can do about it. Now they know this. This is why they want to
keep you out of the civil rights struggle. They don't want any
nationalists involved.
And you actually do the whole thing a disservice by not
getting involved, because what you do is create a vacuum,
into which steps Uncle Tom. And Uncle Tom takes all the
black belts and leads them the nonviolent way. No, I say let's
all get in it, and get in it without compromise, and anybody
that gets in the way—don't compromise. That's all. [Applause]
If Black people in Alabama are trying to register and
vote, if they're trying to register, then those Black people in
Alabama are within their rights. Anyone who in any way
interferes with them is breaking the law. Well, our people in
Alabama, our people in Harlem, our people in California,
are the same people. You and I will not get anywhere by
standing on the sidelines, saying they're doing it wrong. I
spent twelve years doing this in the Black Muslim movement,
condemning everybody walking, and at no time were we
permitted to get involved to show a better way. Okay, I say
let's get involved. But let's get involved all the way. Let's don't
get involved in a compromise way. That doesn't mean we're
going to get involved in just anything. But a man has a right
to vote, a man has a right to be registered. In areas, especially
in the South, where our people outnumber whites, if they
were registered they could put all the whites out of office.
But you know, this is between you and me, I just want to
say—between you and me, and the stool pigeons present
[Laughter and applause]—even here in Harlem, where we
have the right to register and vote, we don't register and vote.
If all the people in Alabama could register and vote, they
probably wouldn't register and vote. So, you see, you have to
have a multiple program, a many-pronged program. And so
when I say that we're for that, that doesn't mean that we're
not for some other things, too. It takes a many-pronged
program to get this problem solved.
But, brother, the man can't give you the solution. You
never will get the solution from any white liberal. Let you and
I sit down and discuss the problem, come up with what we
feel the solution will be; and then if they want to help it, then
let them help in their way, in a way that they can help. But
don't let them come and tell us how we should do to solve
our problem. Those days are over, I can't see that at all. If
they want to help in their way, a way that they can help, good;
but don't come and join us and try and sit down and tell us
how to solve our problem. They can't do it, and they won't.
That's like asking the fox to help you solve the problem
confronting you and the wolf. He'll tell you how to solve it all
right, but I'll guarantee you, you'll have a worse problem
afterwards—a foxy problem. He'll give you a solution that
will put you right in his clutches; and this is what the white
liberal does.
Very seldom, if you notice, will you find whites who can in
any way put up with Black nationalists. Haven't you ever
wondered why? I mean even the most liberal white can't go
along with this Black nationalism. He can't, he just can't
stomach it. But he can go along with anything that's integrated,
because he knows he can get in there and finagle it,
and have you walking backwards, thinking you're walking
forwards. [Laughter] No, we don't want that. There's a place
for them, there's some work that they can do. I'm not saying
cut them out—there's something that they can do. But I say,
find out what the whites can do, and let them do that; and
find out what we can do, and we'll do that. Let them go their
way; you take the low road and we'll take the high road, and
so on and so forth. [Applause]
Also, a couple more announcements, please. We're having
an Arabic class beginning tomorrow, Monday, January 25, at
7:00 p.m.—tomorrow evening—in Room 128 at the Hotel
Theresa. We're having classes set up in Swahili—we have one
set up already in Arabic—we're having one set up in Swahili,
and another one in Hausa, so that you can be—what they call
it?—multilingual. [Laughter] You know, one of the things I
found out when I was in Africa, I felt very much at a loss,
many times, by not being able to speak the language.
Sir? Oh, that's coming. The brother wanted to know what
about a karate class. This is one of the first classes you should
have—karate.
You know, I had some people try to jump on me night
before last—some of those, I call them, I've got another
name for them. They were waiting for me out near my house.
So when I came out—thanks to Allah I've got a good intuition
—and I did some things, and they jumped me. That's
right, when you read in the paper about these old crazy
people going crazy, that's not any exaggeration. They even
shot a brother up here in the Bronx, I think in broad daylight;
and whipped another one almost dead in Boston—you
probably heard him on the Barry Gray Show telling about it.
Well, they've gone out of their minds, absolutely. Whenever
you find an organization that's equipped like that, and you
never see it take part in any kind of action that's for the good
of Black people against the real enemy, but they will turn all
of their anger against each other, to destroy each other, why,
you've got to start really analyzing the situation.
I hate to bring that up, but it's true. A very bad situation
has set in and deteriorated to the point where you have Black
people trying to kill Black people; and they should be using
that talent, really, to go after the Rockwells and the Klan. And
you know, frankly, the more I talk about Rockwell and the
Klan, the more it infuriates them—not Rockwell and the
Klan, but them. One of these days, I'll tell you why.
2
You'll
never read anything in the Black Muslim newspaper against
the Ku Klux Klan or Rockwell. You never will, not even
accidentally. But if you'll go back into some of the back
issues, you'll find J.B. Stoner interviewed in the Black Muslim
newspaper, and he was interviewed objectively, favorably.
That's not an accident, and like I say, if you keep pressing me,
I'll tell you why. [Voices from the audience: "Why?" "All right!"]
Also, since you know that it's almost impossible for us to
get the cooperation of the press in getting our meetings
publicized, the only way that people in Harlem will know that
we're having meetings is if you inform them. So, if each of
you here right now will take it upon yourself to inform just
ten people between now and Sunday, that means by next
Sunday, we'll have—look at the crowd we have out here, and
it's the worst kind of weather outside; it's a miracle really. You
don't know, you're great. Do you know that this audience
right here can whip any audience in New York City? You
know why? You're game to come out there in all that mean
weather. You've got all the excuse in the world to stay home
tonight. But the fact that you've come out shows you're doing
a whole lot of thinking about something. And I tell you, I love
you for it. And I hope and pray to Allah—and whoever you
believe in, whatever you believe in—I hope and pray that
we'll be able to organize ourselves together, wherein we'll do
anything we want, anything we want, to undertake in this
organization. And we're working toward that end right now.
I think I've read all these announcements. James, if I—oh
yes, the last one they handed me is this: As you know, it costs
us $150 to rent this hall each Sunday night, and we just
collected $135. Plus, this week we had the cost of handbills
and other things that we had to undertake to try and let you
know where we are. So, should I turn you loose right now or
pick up another collection? [Voices from audience: "Take it, take
a collection."] I think I'd better. I hate to be like an old
preacher, but brothers, I know what we're up against. We're
trying to have two more meetings—don't run yet, just stay
time enough—we're trying to have two more meetings, we're
going to try to have a meeting next Sunday and the following
Sunday. Now, within the next two weeks we are going to try
and put together an organization and a program that everybody
in here can participate in. But honestly—you know I
wouldn't tell you this if it wasn't true—we need your help.
And the only way the organization. . .
[Tape ends here.]
Notes
1 John Randolph Spears, The American Slave Trade: An Account of Its Origin,
[return]
Growth and Suppression (Scribners, 1900).
2 See "There's a Worldwide Revolution Going On," February 15, 1965, in
[return]
Malcolm X: The Last Speeches (New York: Pathfinder, 1989), pp. 122-26.
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